Machuok
Ka ng’ato ogolo sink mag ot ma olosi gi seramik kowuok e piny China, mano nyiso ni ng’ato nyalo yudo duoko maber ne jopur mag piny Ulaya, jogo ma rito welo, kod jogo ma timo ohala mag loso udi. Kata kamano, riwruok mar piny Ulaya (EU) orito chike matek mag gik ma itiyogo e rito ler-ok -luwo chike ma nyalo miyo omak gik ma ioro, ochul pesa, kata odagi e chiro.
Kaluwore kod kwan mar ohala ma oko mar seramik mag 2024 (Q1 mar dwe mar 2024),China oting’o 72% mar gik mitiyogo e loso ler ma iloso e piny Ulaya, ma nyiso tich mare kaka japur maduong’.
Luwo chike madongo mag EU: Dwaro mochuno kod chike mag lony
Neno matut mar chenro mar chike
Keto ranyisi mar CE
Mar okang:14688: 2019
- Kido mar ng’ado pi Matin moloyo kata marom gi 0.5%
- Okang’ mar geng’o ng’wech Maloyo kata marom gi 0.5 J
- Kido mar kemikol kaluwore gi ISO 10545-12
Luoro chike mag REACH
Chike:(Ruch) Namba 1907/2006
- Lima (Pb) Matin moloyo kata rom gi 0.1% (pek/pek)
- Kadmium (Cd) Matin kata rom gi 0.01% (pe/pe)
- Mekuri (Hg) Matin kata rom gi 0.005% (pe/pe)
Luoro chike mag RoHS
Chike:2011/65/UE
- Lead matin moloyo kata marom gi 1000 ppm
- Kromium ma nigi kwan auchiel matin moloyo kata marom gi 1000 ppm
- Otiyo kuom gik ma itiyogo mag chuma
Dwaro mag chiro mar EU
Gik ma Teknikal
- Kido matin - (but: sentimita 5-7)
- Lach mar rito thuolo- (inchi 14-18)
- Dizain mag besin achiel -
- Tiyo gi pi maber (ma ok okalo lita 6 e dakika achiel)
Gik ma ji ohero e chiro
- Rachar ma ok nen maber (65% mar chiro)
- Rabuor mayom (20%) kod rangi ma ok ng'ich (15%)
- Sitael mag keto piny (45%) kod wi mesa (35%)
- Luoro chik mar EU mar keto lebel mar pi
Owuok EU-Jochiw mwandu mag piny China maluwo chike
Chanel mag yudo mwandu
Kar mbui mar Alibaba
- Kido mar "Jachiw Mula" (higni 3 mogik)
- "Oboke mar EU CE" siro mar beji
- Chiwo mar adier mar ohala (ma tin mogik €50,000)
Olose e piny China.com
- "Ng'eyo mar chiro mar EU" oboke mar oboke
- 3+ higni mag oro mwandu oko e piny EU
- EU-luwo chike mag keto gikmoko e paket
Manyo mwandu mag kar loso mwandu
- Ng'eyo makende e gweng' mar Chaozhou
- Nengo ma achiel kachiel mar kambi (30-50% piny)
- Namba matin mogik mar oda Maloyo kata marom gi yunit 50
Protokol mar ng'iyo jochiw mwandu
- Oboke mag CE:Kwayo oboke ma owinjore mar luwo chike ma ondiki gi jalno ma omiye ratiro mar EU-
- Tem mar CHOPO:Sing pim ei dweche 12 mosekalo ka itiyo gi ripot mag kar pim ma owinjore
- Luoro Chike mag Paket:Sir luwo Chike (EU) 2019/904
- Dwaro mag Oda:Keto MOQ makende mar EU kod ranyisi mar chike
- Gik ma Kastoma Onyiso:Kwayo 2-3 mag kastama mag EU kuom dweche 12 mosekalo
- Neno Ber:Penj kuom tich mag nono kapok ooro mwandu
Chenro mar pesa kod rito gik ma nyalo kelo luoro
Nonro mar nengo: Ranyisi mar gik ma ikelo e pinje ma oko
Gigo mag Nengo
| Nengo mar FOB (yunit 100 × €25) | €2,500.00 |
| Oting'o mwandu e nam | €800.00 |
| Okumba | €100.00 |
| Nengo mar CIF | €3,400.00 |
| Tich (4.7% mar CIF) | €159.80 |
| VAT (19% Jamani) | €676.36 |
Nengo duto mar piny
Otero e dero mar piny Germany
€42.36 kuom yuni achiel
Chike mag chudo
Oda matin nyaka madiere - (<€50,000)
- 30% mar pesa motelo
- 70% mar pesa ma odong' bang' rango kapok ooro mwandu
Oda madongo (Maloyo kata marom gi €50,000)
- Oboke mar pesa ma ok nyal loki
- Kokalo kuom riwruoge mag bengi mag EU
Gino mar ber
- Nonro kapok ooro mwandu (€200 nyaka €500)
- Siro mar keto alama mar CE
- Pim ber mar glaz
- Kido makare mar pim (± 2mm mar yie)
- Tem mar seche 24 mag geng'o ler
Yore mag loso mwandu kod oro mwandu
| Yore mag oro mwandu | Owinjore mar dwol | Kido mar Nengo | Seche mag wuotho | Port madongo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FCL (Kontena mar fut 20) | 300+ odonjo | €1,800–€3,200 | Jumache 3 nyaka 4 | Rotadam, Hamburg, Antwerp |
| LCL (Matin moloyo Kontena) | 30-200 | €400–€900 | Jumache 4 nyaka 5 | Mana kaka ma malo |
| Oting'o mwandu gi ndege | 10-30 | nyaka €12 kuom kilo achiel | Ndalo 3 nyaka 5 | Gala mar Frankfurt, Paris, Amsterdam |
Dwaro mag Oboke mag Kasim
Oboke madwarore
- Oboke mar Ohala:Listi moting'o nengo mag FOB/CIF kod weche mag luwo chike
- Listi mar gik ma iketo e paket:Weche matut mag karton ma nigi CE kod lebel mag paket manyalo tiyogo kendo
- CE Wach mar Luoro:Oketo lwete gi jalno ma omiye ratiro mar EU
- Ripot mar pim mar REACH:Ochiw gi kar ranyisi ma owinjore gi ISO/IEC 17025
- Oboke mar kama owuokie:CCPIT - ogol mar chudo
- Oboke mar tero mwandu:Los yie gi weche matut mag ng'at ma ibiro kawo gikmoko
Yor golo ratiro
- Kapok-Ooro:Oor oboke odiochienge 2 nyaka 3 kapok mwandu ochopo
- Nonro mar kastam:5-10% mar gik ma ooro oyier mondo otim nonro
- Chudo mar osuru kod VAT:Tieko ei odiochienge 3 mag tich bang' weyo tich
- Goyo mwandu:Riwruok mar tero mwandu e piny bang' ka ogol mwandu e kastam
Ndik piny:Nonro ma ok opar oriwo ng’eyo adier mar oboke kod pim mar sampol mar luwo chike mag REACH
Oboke-Giyo ber mar mwandu ma ikelo e pinje ma oko kod ikruok mar chiro
Oboke-Protokol mar nono mar oro mwandu
Seche mag Rang'o kod Yore
- Tim nonro ei seche 48 bang' tero mwandu e dero
- Rang kwan ka iporo gi oboke mag listi mar gik ma ibiro keto e paket
- Rang ka be nitie gik ma osekethore e wuoth (owang', chips, ketho mag glaze)
- Siem ni CE luwo chike mag keto alama kod keto oboke
- Oboke ma oyudo gi pichni/vidio ma nyiso adier
Yore mag Kwayo Ketho
- Kawo picha mag mwandu mokethore kod paket
- Fail mar kwayo gi jogo ma tero gikmoko ei odiochienge adek mag tich
- Oor osimbo mar neno (piche, kidieny mar osimbo, risit mar tero)
- Kwayo lokruok kuom japur kaluwore gi chike mag kontrak
Ikruok mar chiro mar EU
Dwaro mag keto lebel
- Nying gimoro kod namba mar model
- Oboke mar CE (bor matin mogik mar 5mm)
- Maler kaka gikmoko olosi
- Weche mag tudruok mag EU mag jalos
- Chike mag dhok mathoth (2+ dhok mag EU)
Kar kano mwandu kod rito mwandu
- Ket liet mar digri 15 nyaka 25
- Ne ni ng’ich mar piny bedo matin moloyo kata marom gi 60%
- Ti kod palet ma nigi ng’injo ma geng’o - ng’injo
- Ket e tim juma 8-10 mar loso kendo
- Ti kod sistem mag rito mwandu mag EU
Rieko mar risk kod luwo chike ma dhi nyime
Keto oboke mag luwo chike
| Kido mar oboke | Kinde mar rito | Fomat mar kano mwandu |
|---|---|---|
| CE Wach mar Luoro | Higni 10 | Dijital kod mar ringruok |
| Ripot mag pim mag REACH | Higni 10 | Dijital kod mar ringruok |
| Oboke mag kastam | Higni 7 | Dijital |
| Oboke mag ohala | Higni 10 | Dijital kod mar ringruok |
| Kontrak mag jochiw mwandu | Higni 10 | Dijital kod mar ringruok |
Protokol mar loso chike
Sistem mag luwo
- Ndikri mondo iyud weche manyien ma yudore e gaset mar EU
- Luoro chike mag Komison mar Ulaya mag gik mitiyogo e rito ler
- Ibed gi rieko mar riwruok mar ute lwok mag piny Ulaya
- Nonro ma pile ka pile mag jochiw mwandu luwo chike (higa ka higa)
Chenro mar neno ni oluwo chike
- Dweche adek ka adek: Rang lokruok ma itimo e chike mag EU
- Higa ariyo: Pim mar luwo chike mag jochiw mwandu
- Higa ka higa: Chiwo oboke kendo mar timo tem mag mwandu
- Kaka dwarore: Los barupe mag teknoloji
FAQ mar EU mar Kelo Pinje: Yore mag Jolony
Penjo 1: Be namba mar EORI en gima dwarore mondo ng’ato okel gik moko e piny EU?
Ee.Gik moko duto ma kelo mwandu e piny EU nyaka bed gi namba mar EORI ma tiyo mondo gichop e kwan mar ng’iewo gikmoko. Fomat mopogore opogore kaluwore gi piny:
- Alemania:
- Faransa: Pinyruoth
- Netherlands:
Kwayo kokalo kuom ng’at ma nigi ratiro mar ng’iewo gikmoko kata kokalo kuom ng’iewo gikmoko kawo ndalo 3–5 mag tich.
Q2: Be anyalo kelo gik matin (kaka sink 10) mondo otimgo tich mar loso ot?
Ee,to ng’e gik ma dwarore maluwogi:
- LCL ogolo paro mar oro mwandu (nengo: €400 nyaka €600 mar sink 10)
- Namba mar EORI pod dwarore
- Luwo chike mag CE en gima dwarore ka ok ing'iyo kwan
- VAT kod osuru tiyo (osuru duto: ~24-25% mar nengo mar CIF)
Q3: Ang’o matimore ka gik ma aoro ochung’ne ng’at ma ng’iewo gikmoko e piny EU?
Kastom biro golo "Oboke mar Keto" ma nyiso gimomiyo (kaka, CE DoC ma onge, geno ni REACH ok luwo chike). Okenge mag tieko chandruok:
- Chiw barupe ma okwayo ei odiochienge abich mag tich
- Ka ok oyangore ni -luwo chike, yiero gin kaka:
- Tich kendo mar jochiw mwandu (jachiw mwandu ting'o nengo)
- Dwogo piny China (jachiw mwandu biro chulo oro mwandu)
- Ketho (nengo mar japur ka japur otimo richo)
Q4: Be dwarore ni abed gi oboke mopogore mar uso sink mag seramik e pinje mang’eny mag EU?
Ooyo.Ka sink nigi alama mar CE ma tiyo, inyalo uso e pinje duto ma gin jokanyo mag EU (kaluwore gi chik mar EU mar “wuotho ma onge ng’at ma nyalo ng’iewo gikmoko”). Kata kamano:
- Luri kod dwaro mag piny mangima mag keto oboke (yore mag dhok)
- Ket ripot mag CE DoC kod REACH kuom higni 10
- Luri dwaro mag rang'iny mar chiro mar piny ka piny
Gik madongo ma nyalo miyo ng’ato odonj e chiro mar EU
Luoro chike
Keto osimbo mar CE, REACH, kod luwo chike mag RoHS gin gigo ma ok nyal lokre mondo ng'ato oyud donjo e chiro
Tich mowinjore gi Jachiw
Ong’iyo matut kuom jo China ma loso gikmoko miyo bedo gi ber kendo luwo chike
Oboke makare mar ndiko
Oboke ma owinjore kendo ma kare mag kastam geng'o deko kod chudo ma medore
Oboke ma ng’ato nyalo ng’eyogo miyo jogo ma kelo mwandu mag piny Ulaya gige tich kod rieko ma dwarore mondo gibed gi nyalo mar ng’ado bura maber e wi gik ma nyalo kelo pek mag kelo sink mag lwok ma olosi gi seramik kowuok China ka girito luwo chuth chike mag piny EU.
Gik ma onego opar mogik ne jo ma kelo mwandu mag piny Ulaya
Oboke ma olosi ni chiwo chenro matut kendo ma ochung’ne luwo chike ma owinjore gi chiro mag EU (Alemania, Faransa, Itali, Spain, Netherlands, kod mamoko). Mondo ng’ato okel mwandu e pinje ma oko, dwarore ni oket pach matut kuom dwaro mag chike, ng’iyo jochiw mwandu, kod ndiko weche ma kare mondo one ni ng’ato nyalo yudo mwandu e chiro kendo ni nyalo mar timo ohala.
